Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions by management in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such management estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the period of benefit for deferred commissions, the useful life of property and equipment, stock-based compensation expense, fair value of warrants, embedded derivatives within convertible debt agreements, and income taxes. If the underlying estimates and assumptions upon which the financial statements are based change in future periods, actual amounts may differ from those included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. For the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of ($111,010), and as of January 31, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $528,696. In addition, during the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company used $64,873 of cash in operating activities. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the Company’s commercialization and development efforts, the Company is unable to predict when it will become profitable, and it may never become profitable. The Company’s inability to achieve and then maintain profitability would negatively affect its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

As of January 31, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $7,568, which is not legally restricted to use, and collectable receivables

of $4,090, accounts payable and accrued expenses of $17,260, including $6,987 due to taxing authorities, $8,927 in principal amounts owed on convertible debt, and $11,900 in principal amounts owed on related party debt, as discussed in Note 12. In February 2022, the Company entered into an equity line with Tumim Stone Capital, LLC (“Tumim”) under which the Company may, in its discretion, sell shares of its common stock to Tumim subject to various conditions and limitations set forth in the purchase agreement with Tumim. In November and December 2022, the Company issued shares of common stock to Tumim for net proceeds of $586. The Company is not currently able to raise additional funds under the equity line with Tumim.

On September 14, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement ("SPA") with 3i LP ("3i"), which is an affiliate of Tumim, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and issue senior unsecured convertible promissory notes (the "Convertible Notes") to 3i in the aggregate principal amount of up to $25,750. On September 15, 2022, the Company issued a Convertible Note to 3i in the principal amount of $10,300, net of discount for cash proceeds of $10,000. The Company may, subject to a number of conditions set forth in the SPA with 3i, including specified minimum trading prices and trading volumes, and the repayment or conversion of a specified portion of the initial Convertible Note, borrow an additional $15,450 from 3i on the same terms and conditions as set forth in the initial Convertible Note. As of the date of this report, the conditions to the additional borrowing have not been met.

Between December 14, 2022 and April 20, 2023, the Company issued senior secured promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $7,200 to a total of eight lenders including directors of the Company. Between January 11, 2023 and May 8, 2023, the Company issued senior secured convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $13,095 to entities affiliated with C5 Capital Limited (“C5”), a beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. As of January 31, 2023, the Company had issued $6,900 in senior secured promissory notes to eight lenders and $5,000 in senior secured convertible promissory notes to C5. See Note 12 for more information.

The Company’s future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, its ability to attract and retain customers and their willingness and ability to pay for the Company's products and services, and the timing and extent of spending to support its efforts to market and develop its products. Further, the Company may enter into future arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services, strategic partnerships, and technologies. The Company needs additional equity or debt financing in order to continue its operations, which it may not be able to raise on terms acceptable to it or at all. If additional funds are not available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected.

During the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company undertook a restructuring that reduced its headcount by approximately 44%. Refer to Note 3 for additional information. Subsequent to January 31, 2023, the Company undertook additional actions to reduce its operating expenses and preserve its cash.

Despite the Company’s current operating plans to focus its business, reduce its expenses, improve its margins and mitigate uncertainties related to the foregoing, management believes that the Company does not have sufficient cash and cash equivalents on hand to support current operations for at least one year from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements without additional financing. Management has concluded that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might become necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Based on its current planned operations, in the absence of additional sources of liquidity, management anticipates that the Company’s existing cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash flows from operations will not be sufficient to meet the Company’s operating and liquidity needs for any meaningful period of time following the date of this report. In the event the Company determines that additional sources of liquidity will not be available to it or will not allow it to meet its obligations as they become due, the Company may need to file a voluntary petition for relief under the United States Bankruptcy Code in order to implement a plan of reorganization, court-supervised sale, and/or liquidation.

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments readily convertible into known amounts of cash with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Accounts and Loan Receivable

Accounts receivable, including unbilled, are generated from contracts with customers. Management determines the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts by evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition, credit history and current economic conditions. Individual uncollectible accounts are written off against the allowance when collection of the individual accounts appears doubtful. Management has evaluated the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts and at January 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,283 and $0, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s assets that are exposed to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions and, at times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances. Amounts on deposit in excess of federally insured limits of $250 or accounts not included in federally insured limits at January 31, 2023 approximates $6,769. Accounts receivable consist primarily of amounts due from commercial entities.

As of January 31, 2023, the Company held cash deposits at Silicon Valley Bank ("SVB") in excess of government insured limits. On March 10, 2023, SVB was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") was appointed as receiver and SVB was subsequently transferred into a new entity, Silicon Valley Bridge Bank, N.A ("SVB Bridge Bank"). On March 12, 2023, the U.S. Treasury Department, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC jointly announced enabling actions that fully protect all SVB depositors’ insured and uninsured deposits, and that such depositors would have access to all of their funds starting March 13, 2023. On March 13, 2023, the Company was able to access its full deposits with SVB.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company recorded an inventory provision of $2,744 and $0 for January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to reduce slow-moving, obsolete or unusable inventories to their net realizable values for January 31, 2023 and 2022. Substantially all inventory is finished goods.

Deferred Costs

The Company amortizes contract fulfillment costs ratably over the contract term in a manner consistent with the related revenue recognition on that contract and are included in cost of revenue. These costs include appliance hardware and installation costs that are essential in providing the future benefit of the solution.

Deferred Commissions

Sales commissions paid to initially obtain a contract are considered incremental and recoverable costs and are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit determined to be between one and five years, which includes the contractual and expected renewal periods. Incremental sales commissions that may be paid upon the renewal of a contract are also considered incremental and recoverable costs, which are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the renewal period. The Company recognizes the incremental costs to initially obtain a contract with a customer on the consolidated balance sheet if the Company expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.

Sales commissions paid upon renewal are substantially lower than the commissions paid to initially obtain the contract and are expensed in the period the contract is renewed. The majority of customer contracts are annual and as a result these renewals commissions are paid on an annual basis.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost and depreciated over the asset's estimated useful life using the straight-line method. Expenditures for major additions and improvements are capitalized and minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The Company has incurred repair and maintenance charges of $28 and $12 for the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization is removed and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations.

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, as follows:

Deferred Revenue (Contract Liabilities)

Deferred revenue, which is a contract liability, consists of amounts for which the Company has the unconditional right to bill or advance from customers for which have not yet recognized revenue. The Company generally bills customers in advance. To the extent the Company bills customers in advance of the contract commencement date, the accounts receivable and corresponding deferred revenue amounts are netted to zero on the consolidated balance sheets, unless the Company has the unconditional right to receive the consideration at the time the customer has been invoiced. To the extent the Company has the unconditional right to bill or advance from customers, if the customer has not yet been invoiced, unbilled receivables are established for the amount for which the Company has the unconditional right to bill, with corresponding deferred revenue established for the portion for which the Company has not yet recognized revenue. Included within deferred revenue are certain amounts collected from customers that can be refundable, all or in part, under termination for convenience provisions. There is no history of refunds to customers in connection with such provisions.

Leases

The Company leases certain office space and equipment and determines if a contract is a lease or contains a lease at the inception of the contract and reassesses that conclusion if the contract is modified. All leases are assessed for classification as an operating lease or a finance lease. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets for operating leases are included in the deposits and other assets caption and ROU assets associated with finance leases are included within the property and equipment, net caption of the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The current portions of operating and finance lease liabilities are included in the other current liabilities caption and the long-term portion of operating lease liabilities is presented in the other long-term liabilities payable caption of the consolidated balance sheet.

ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. The ROU asset is adjusted for any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. If the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is determined using a portfolio approach based on the rate of interest that the Company would pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The Company uses quoted interest rates obtained from financial institutions as an input to derive its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for the lease. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of Topic 842, the Company combines lease and non-lease components.

The Company has elected the practical expedient offered by the standard to not separate the lease from non-lease components and accounts for them as a single lease component. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allows the Company to carry forward its historical lease classification, its assessment on whether a contract is or contains a lease, and its initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the new standard. The Company has elected, for all classes of underlying assets, not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less. Lease cost for short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Foreign Currency Translation

The United States Dollar (USD) is the functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries in the United States. The subsidiaries’ financial statements are maintained in their functional currencies, which is the local currency in their country of origin. The foreign subsidiaries’ financial statements are translated into USD. Assets and liabilities are translated into USD using the period-end foreign exchange rates. Income and expenses are translated into USD using the weighted-average exchange rates in effect during the period. Equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. The effects of these translation adjustments are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.

Revenue Recognition

The Company's revenues are derived from sales of products, subscriptions, support and maintenance and other services. Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met:

The Company generates revenue from the sales of product, could-based subscriptions, support and maintenance, and other services, primarily through the indirect relationships with partners or direct relationships with end customers through the direct sales force. The Company accounts for the contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, regarding Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 (“ASC 606”), and all related interpretations.

Revenue from subscriptions to the cloud-based solutions, which allow customers to use the hosted security software over a contracted period without taking possession of the software and managed services where the Company provides managed detection and response services for customers, are recognized over the contractual term. The Company’s software offering is marketed, sold, and monitored as a single integrated cybersecurity solution, inclusive of software, compute hosting for analytics and sensors which may include hardware, intelligence feeds, and support services. This suite of products and services is a single overall cybersecurity solution that represents one performance obligation.

Professional services, which include incident response, security assessments, and other strategic security consulting services are offered on a time-and-materials basis or through fixed fee arrangements, and the Company recognizes the associated revenue as the services are delivered.

Software Development Costs

The Company’s software platform, which has been developed internally, can be provided to customers by utilizing either a software or cloud platform, in which the customer can access the product via the cloud, or software can be downloaded into the customer’s environment and may be supported by hardware. In this case, although customers have the ability to download the software into their own environment for purposes of detecting and defending against threats, the customer is unable to take possession of the software and run it independently without significant penalty. For that reason, the costs related to the development of the Company’s software products and any specifically identifiable upgrades or enhancements qualify for accounting under ASC 350-40 Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software. There is no other software developed internally for the purpose of selling or marketing externally that does not require the Company's ongoing involvement.

The Company capitalizes qualifying internal-use software development costs incurred during the application development stage for internal tools and cloud-based applications used to deliver its services, provided that management with the relevant authority authorizes and commits to the funding of the project, it is probable the project will be completed, and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal-use software development costs are included in property and equipment and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life once it is ready for its intended use, which has been identified as 3 years for the Company’s software products. Amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs is included within general and administrative expense. As of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022, capitalized costs were $5,171, before $1,055 of amortized cost and $2,795, before $86 of amortized cost, respectively.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed in the year incurred and relate to new product developments and new features and are primarily personnel related costs and acquired software costs. These costs totaled $32,426 and $52,899 for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Advertising

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs were $138 and $1,789 for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively and are included in the sales and marketing expenses.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amount of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company is subject to income taxes in U.S. federal jurisdictions and various state jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. The Company recognizes tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that a tax position will not be sustained upon examination and settlement with various taxing authorities. Liabilities for uncertain tax positions are measured based upon the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. The guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes also addresses de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, and accounting in interim periods. Management has evaluated the Company’s tax positions and has concluded that the Company has taken no uncertain tax positions that require adjustment to the financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The inputs are prioritized into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are observable.

Level 2: Inputs that reflect quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3: Inputs that are unobservable to the extent that observable inputs are not available for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Warrant Liabilities

Simultaneously with the closing of Legacy LGL’s Initial Public Offering, LGL Systems Acquisition Holding Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company purchased an aggregate of 5,200 Private Warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $5.2 million from Legacy LGL in a private placement that occurred simultaneously with the completion of the Public Offering. Each Private Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at $11.50 per share. The purchase price of the Private Warrants was added to the proceeds from the Public Offering and was held in the Trust Account until the closing of the Merger. The Private Warrants (including the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Private Warrants) were not transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the closing date of the Merger, and they may be exercised on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers of the Private Warrants or their permitted transferees.

The Company evaluated the warrants issued by Legacy LGL, the legal predecessor, to purchase its common stock in a private placement concurrently with its initial public offering (the “Private Warrants”) under ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and concluded that they do not meet the criteria to be classified in stockholders’ equity. Specifically, the provisions in the Private Warrant agreement provide for potential changes to the settlement amounts dependent upon the characteristics of the warrant holder and because the holder of a warrant is not an input into the pricing of a fixed-for-fixed option on equity shares, such a provision would preclude the warrant from being classified in equity. Since the Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815, the Company recorded these Private Warrants as liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value, with subsequent changes in their respective fair values recognized in the consolidated statement of operations at each reporting date. The fair value adjustments were determined by using the listed price of Public Warrants, which are similar instruments with a quoted price in an active market. The Private Warrants are deemed equity instruments for income tax purposes, and accordingly, there is no tax accounting related to changes in the fair value of the Private Warrants recognized.

Between September 2021 and October 2021, when the majority of these warrants were exercised on a cashless basis, the formula for such exercises made each Private Warrant effectively exercisable to purchase approximately 0.6 shares of Company common stock on a non-cash basis, each subject to its own exercise calculation applicable to the day on which the exercise was made. The Private Warrants were also redeemable in cash for $11.50 for a share of common stock. No Private Warrants were redeemed on the $11.50 cash basis. A total of 5,190 Private Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis into 3,188 shares of Class A common stock. No Private Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. As of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022, the Company had 10 Private Warrants outstanding and not exercised. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, the Company recognized non-cash income of $6 related to change in fair value of warrants in the consolidated statements of operations. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, the Company recognized $11,265 of non-cash expense related to change in fair value of warrants in the consolidated statements of operations.

Embedded Conversion Features

The Company evaluates embedded conversion features within convertible debt under ASC 815 - Derivatives and Hedging to determine whether the embedded conversion feature(s) should be bifurcated from the host instrument and accounted for as a derivative at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. If the conversion feature does not require derivative treatment under ASC 815, the instrument is evaluated under ASC 470-20 - Debt with Conversion and Other Options for consideration of any beneficial conversion features.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company recognizes expense for stock-based compensation awards based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of grant. For stock options, this will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the employee’s or director’s requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. For RSU awards with both service and performance conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a graded basis matched to the length of time and vesting tranches of each grant. For RSU awards with only service conditions, stock-based compensation expense will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the employee’s or director’s requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award.

The fair value of stock options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The use of a valuation model requires management to make certain assumptions with respect to selected model inputs. The Company grants stock options at exercise prices determined equal to the fair value of common stock on the date of the grant. The computation of expected option life is based on an average of the vesting term and the maximum contractual life of the Company’s stock options, as the Company does not have sufficient history to use an alternative method to the simplified method to calculate an expected life for employees. The Company estimates an expected forfeiture rate for stock options, which is factored into the determination of stock-based compensation expense. The volatility assumption is based on the historical and implied volatility of the Company’s peer group with similar business models. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life assumed at the date of grant. The dividend yield percentage is zero, as the Company does not currently pay dividends nor does the Company intend to do so in the future.

Prior to the Merger, the fair value of each stock RSU was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes pricing model based on the same assumptions utilized for calculating fair market value of the stock options and utilizing the as-converted equivalent price of securities issued during the period. In addition to any time or performance-based vesting conditions, the RSU awards granted by the Company prior to the Merger contained an additional vesting requirement that required the occurrence of a liquidity event. As of the closing of the Merger, which represented the satisfaction of the liquidity event vesting requirement for outstanding RSUs, all RSUs issued prior to the completion of the Merger were revalued using the closing share price on that date. In the event that a RSU grant holder is terminated before the award is fully vested, the full amount of the unvested portion of the award will be recognized as a forfeiture in the period of termination.

Common Stock

The Company has 500,000 shares of voting common stock authorized for issuance. As of January 31, 2023, a total of 110,716 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, with 4,361 shares reserved for issuance upon the settlement of outstanding RSUs, 530 shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, 9,436 shares available for grant under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, 8,596 shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of Public Warrants and 10 shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of Private Warrants.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The Company is an emerging growth company ("EGC"), as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, EGCs can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with certain new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date the Company (i) is no longer an EGC or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, the consolidated financial statements may or may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public companies’ effective dates.

New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in Fiscal Year 2023

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“Topic 842”), which outlines a comprehensive lease accounting model that supersedes the previous lease guidance. The guidance requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets for all leases with lease terms greater than 12 months. It also changes the definition of a lease and expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) - Targeted Improvements, which provides the option of an additional transition method that allows entities to initially apply the new lease guidance at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company adopted the standard on February 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective basis. Using the modified retrospective approach, the Company determined an incremental borrowing rate at the date of adoption based on the total lease term and total minimum rental payments.

The modified retrospective approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption with a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings. The Company elected the package of practical expedients which permits the Company to not reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) any initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases as of the effective date. The Company also elected the practical expedient to use hindsight when determining the lease term, and the practical expedient lease considerations to not allocate lease considerations between lease and non-lease components for real estate leases. As such, real estate lease considerations are treated as a single lease-component and accounted for accordingly. The Company excludes leases with an initial term of 12 months or less from the application of Topic 842.

Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of $974 and $2,654 of current operating lease liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities, respectively, and $2,685 in corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) lease assets on that date. The difference between the approximate value of the ROU lease assets and lease liabilities is attributable to deferred rent, which is comprised of tenant improvement allowance and rent abatement. There was no material impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statement of cash flows as a result of the adoption of Topic 842. The Company’s comparative periods continue to be presented and disclosed in accordance with legacy guidance in Topic 840. Refer to Note 11 for additional information.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. The ASU also removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity-linked contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and it simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. ASU 2020-06 is applicable for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 or the time at which the Company no longer qualifies as an EGC, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this ASU as of February 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 had an immaterial impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326). This standard requires a new method for recognizing credit losses that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) method. The CECL method requires the recognition of all losses expected over the life of a financial instrument upon origination or purchase of the instrument, unless the Company elects to recognize such instruments at fair value with changes in profit and loss (the fair value option). This standard is effective for the Company for the earlier of the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022 or the time at which the Company no longer qualifies as an EGC. As a result, this ASU became effective for the Company as of February 1, 2023. Management does not expect the impact of adopting this standard to be material.